Crude-oil hydrocarbon composition characteristics and oil viscosity prediction in the northern Songliao Basin     

ZHANG JuHe  FENG ZiHui  FANG Wei  HUO QiuLi  ZHANG Kun  LI JingKun  ZENG HuaSen  ZHANG BoWei 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(2):297-312

Crude oil hydrocarbon composition characteristics and oil viscosity prediction are important bases in petroleum exploration.A total of 54 oil/heavy-oil samples and 17 oil sands were analyzed and quantified using both comprehensive 2D gas chromatography(GC×GC)and comprehensive 2D gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC/TOFMS).The results show that crude oil in the West slope is mainly heavy oil and its hydrocarbon composition is characterized overall by paraffinsmono-aromaticsnaphthenesnon-hydrocarbonsdi-aromaticstri-aromaticstetra-aromatics.Aromatics are most abundant and non-hydrocarbons are least abundant,whilst content differences among paraffins,naphthenes,aromatics,and non-hydrocarbons are less than 15%.There are two types of heavy oil,secondary type and mixing type.Biodegradation is the main formation mechanism of heavy oil.Biodegradation levels cover light biodegradation,moderate biodegradation,and severe biodegradation.With increasing biodegradation,paraffin content decreases while contents of aromatics and nonhydrocarbons increase.In contrast,naphthene content increases first and then decreases with increasing biodegradation.In severe biodegradation stage,naphthenes decrease more quickly than aromatics and non-hydrocarbons.This provides a new method for studying oil/heavy-oil biodegradation mechanism and biodegradation resistance of different hydrocarbons at different biodegradation stages.In the Longhupao-Daan terrace and Qijia-Gulong depression,most crude oil is conventional oil.Its composition is dominated by paraffins with the lowest content of aromatics.In some casual oil wells from the Longhupao-Daan terrace,crude oil from Saertu oil reservoirs is moderately biodegraded whereas crude oil from Putaohua oil reservoir is lightly biodegraded.Chemical parameters using saturate hydrocarbons and aromatics are usually not suitable for determining organic type and thermal maturity of biodegraded oil,especially of moderately or severely biodegraded oil,whilst Ts/(Ts+Tm)ratio can be used to determine thermal maturity of both conventional crude oil and heavy oil.  相似文献   

Changes in the small-jellyfish community in recent decades in Jiaozhou Bay, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙松  李颖虹  孙晓霞 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(4):507-518

We used long term monitoring data to evaluate changes in abundance and species dominance of small-jellyfish (collected with zooplankton net whose bell diameter was less than 5 cm) between 1991 and 2009 in the Jiaozhou Bay, China. Zooplankton samples were vertically towed with conical plankton net from near-bottom to surface, identified microscopically, and mapped in time-space using Grapher 7.0 and Surfer 8.0. Results show that the abundance of small-jellyfish throughout the bay had been increasing during 2001-2009 on average of 15.2 ind./m 3 , almost 5 times higher than that between 1991 and 2000. The occurrence of peak abundance shifted from spring to summer after 2000, and two peaks appeared in spring and summer, respectively, after 2005. Both the abundance and the frequency of blooms of small-jellyfish increased after 2000 in the bay. In addition, the biodiversity of jellyfish has increased significantly in recent years with a change in dominant species. Several new dominant species appeared after 2000, including Rathkae octopunctata in winter, Phialidium hemisphaericum in spring, summer, and autumn, Phialucium carolinae in spring, and Pleurobrachia globosa in summer and autumn, while some previous dominant species throughout the 1990s (Eirene ceylonensis, Zanclea costata, Lovenella assimilis, and Muggiaea atlantica) were no longer dominant after 2000. The abundance of small-jellyfish was positively correlated with the density of dinoflagellates, and the abundance of zooplankton. We believe that the changes in smalljellyfish abundance and species composition were the result of eutrophication, aquaculture and coastal construction activities around the bay. Concurrently, seawater warming and salinity decrease in recent decades promoted the growth and reproduction of small-jellyfish in the bay.  相似文献   

A dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cochlodinium geminatum</Emphasis> bloom in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary in autumn 2009     

柯志新  黄良民  谭烨辉  宋星宇 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2012,30(3):371-378

A severe Cochlodinium geminatum red tide (>300 km2) was observed in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary, South China Sea in autumn 2009. We evaluated the environmental conditions and phytoplankton community structure during the outbreak. The red tide water mass had significantly higher dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), ammonia, and temperature, but significantly lower nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and DIN/DIP relative to the non-red-tide zones. The phytoplankton assemblage was dominated by dinoflagellates and diatoms during the red tide. C. geminatum was the most abundant species, with a peak density of 4.13×107 cell/L, accounting for >65% of the total phytoplankton density. The DIN/DIP ratio was the most important predictor of species, accounting for 12.45% of the total variation in the phytoplankton community. Heavy phosphorus loading, low precipitation, and severe saline intrusion were likely responsible for the bloom of C. geminatum.  相似文献   

Relationship between phytoplankton composition and environmental factors in the surface waters of southern South China Sea in early summer of 2009   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

KE Zhixin  TAN Yehui  HUANG Liangmin  ZHANG Jianlin  LIAN Shumin 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(3):109-119

Horizontal distributions of phytoplankton abundance,species composition as well as environmental factors were investigated in the surface waters of southern South China Sea(SCS) in early summer(May 16 to June 7) of 2009.In most areas of southern SCS,the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were very low and DIN/DIP ratios usually were lower than the Redfield N/P Ratio of 16:1.Nitrogen nutrients were significant lower in the upwelling region off Vietnam.A total of 144 taxa of phytoplankton were identified in the study area.The dominant genera were Prorocentrum,Gonyaulax,Gyrodinium,Scrippsiella and Chaetoceros,respectively.Spatial patterns of early-summer phytoplankton abundance and species composition should be mainly controlled by the upwelling off Vietnam and the discharge of Mekong River in the southern SCS.Diatoms dominated in the nutritious Mekong River Estuary or upwelling region off Vietnam;while dinoflagellates dominated in the oligotrophic pelagic region.The canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) indicates that most of diatoms favor higher levels of silicate and phosphorus,as well as lower temperature;while most of dinoflagellates favor the lower silicate and phosphorous and higher temperature.Correlation and CCA results indicate that silicate,nitrate and temperature were the most relevant environmental factors to regulate the horizontal pattern of early-summer phytoplankton in the surface waters of southern SCS.  相似文献   

台湾岛以东海域束毛藻种群的组成与分布   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王雨  林茂  杨清良  林更铭 《海洋通报》2012,31(4):426-432

分别对1996年5月和1997年7月台湾岛以东黑潮及邻近海域51个采样站位的87份网采浮游植物进行了分析,总结了束毛藻种群的物种构成和丰度分布特征,并初步探讨了水动力条件、温盐、营养盐及其他元素对束毛藻生长及分布的影响.结果表明,调查区的束毛藻种群由铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)、汉氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium hildebrandtii)和红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)组成,前者分布最为普遍,检出率100%,丰度最大.1996年5月束毛藻平均藻丝体密度为44.55伊102 filaments/m3,铁氏束毛藻占91%,在吕宋海峡密集,总体呈现西南高,东北低的分布态势.1997年7月束毛藻平均藻丝体密度为152.72伊102 filaments/m3,铁氏束毛藻占99%,除吕宋海峡外,台湾东北部海域为次高值区,总体呈现西南高,中部和东部低的分布态势.较之邻近海区结果,台湾岛以东黑潮及邻近海域的束毛藻平均藻丝体密度高于太平洋赤道热带海域、南黄海和东海陆架区、东海产卵场,低于台湾海峡西侧20 m 以浅和东海低氧区.在台湾岛以东海域,束毛藻的丰度分布由其特定的地理位置和黑潮流向所决定,高温高盐的黑潮水系利于束毛藻的增殖,束毛藻的丰度分布与 Fe、P 等化学因子的关系有待进一步寻找证据.  相似文献   

秋季南黄海表层海水中溶解氨基酸的分布与组成研究     

孙岩  杨桂朋  陈岩  时迪 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(10):81-87

用高效液相色谱法对2010年9月南黄海33个站位表层海水中总水解氨基酸(THAA)、溶解游离氨基酸(DFAA)、溶解结合氨基酸(DCAA)的分布、组成以及它们与环境因子的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:THAA平均浓度为2.08μmol/L,DFAA平均浓度为0.39μmol/L,DCAA平均浓度为1.69μmol/L。THAA浓度的分布大致呈近岸高、远岸低的特点;DFAA分布的规律性较差,在东部海域(中心约在35°N,123°E)出现高值。相关性分析显示溶解氨基酸与叶绿素a(Chl-a)、溶解无机氮(DIN)、细菌丰度、温度和盐度之间均无显著相关性。THAA中含量较高的个体氨基酸为丝氨酸、甘氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸,总和占70.59%。DFAA、DCAA中的主要成分与THAA基本相同。THAA中个体氨基酸的组成以34°N为界分为南北2个海区呈现明显的区域性特点。  相似文献   

内蒙古维拉斯托锌铜矿床选矿试验研究     

常帼雄  刘宏伟  郭义平 《地质与资源》2011,20(6):434-439

维拉斯托锌铜多金属矿床矿石中富含多种元素,其中铜、铅、锌、砷、银、钨、钴等元素具有综合利用价值,矿石类型属于比较难选多金属矿石.采用混合浮选铜铅（-0.076 mm为65%）-依次浮选锌、砷（钴）-再浮选钨-重选（摇床）选钨的选矿工艺流程,对选矿pH值、药剂种类及用量等系列选矿条件进行了实验研究,达到较为理想的选矿效果,为矿山生产提供了技术保证.  相似文献   

巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊及地下水化学特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

邵天杰  赵景波  董治宝 《地理学报》2011,66(5):662-672

通过对巴丹吉林沙漠丘间湖泊和古日乃、雅布赖、阿拉善右旗等地及其周围浅层地下水离子化学成分分析,探讨了沙漠地区湖水与地下水化学成分特点、水化学类型、空间变化和湖水补给来源。结果显示,巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水的pH、盐度、TDS和电导率均远远大于地下水。湖水样品中Na⁺和Cl^-含量占绝对优势,大多数盐度较高的湖泊属于Na(K)-Cl-(SO₄) 型,个别盐度较低的微咸湖属于Na-(Mg)-(Ca)-Cl-(SO₄)-(HCO₃) 型。地下水的化学类型多数为Na-(Ca)-(Mg)-Cl-(SO₄)-(HCO₃)型,属微咸水,个别为Na-Cl-SO4型的咸水。沙漠东南部湖群水的pH值、盐度、TDS和电导率比较低,呈微碱性,属微咸湖;而北部湖群水的pH、盐度、TDS和电导率远远大于东南部湖群,呈中等碱性,为盐水湖。湖水离子化学特征显示沙漠东南部湖群自南向北的演化趋势为：微咸湖→咸水湖→盐水湖。湖水离子化学成分短时间序列变化指示,近9 年宝日陶勒盖、巴丹东湖、巴丹西湖、诺尔图、呼和吉林湖水中的大多数离子的含量有所降低,表明其近9 年来淡水补给量增多。湖水化学成分与湖水位高度显示,巴丹吉林沙漠湖群湖水流向是由东南流向西北。水化学成分和水位分布高度表明,该区沙漠湖水主要来自当地降水补给和来自沙漠东南缘雅布赖山和南缘的黑山头山地降水的补给,而来自祁连山区来水补给的可能性很小。  相似文献   

基于语义描述的制造业Web服务合成研究     

卢健  刁雅静  王志英 《成都信息工程学院学报》2010,25(2):162-166

在因特网环境下,如何对服务描述是基于web服务的应用集成的关键问题之一。Web服务合成技术为这一问题提供了很好的解决方案。以基于语义的web服务合成理论为基础,在分析制造业信息资源特点的基础之上,以库存管理领域为应用实例,选取面向服务的网络本体语言提出了制造业web服务合成语义描述的一种方法。  相似文献   

赣中盛源盆地及邻区橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩中黑云母化学成分特征     

谭桂丽  吴俊奇  凌洪飞  陈培荣 《火山地质与矿产》2010,(1):19-24

本文利用电子探针技术对赣中盛源盆地及邻区橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩中黑云母的类型、化学成分及结晶时的温度和氧逸度条件等进行了研究。黑云母为镁质黑云母;结晶时温度的大致范围为1060℃～1100℃,氧逸度大致范围为10^-7bar-10^9bar。本文研究表明,黑云母的化学成分研究是揭示岩石成因类型的一种有效途径,可为研究岩体成因类型以及成岩时的物理化学条件提供依据,并对成岩具有重要的指示意义。  相似文献